Bi-polar 1 & 2 revised since. However valued for comparison Psych notes (abnormal psychology)

Bi Polar 1 currently or most recently in a hypomanic episode. previously had at least one manic or mixed episode. mood symptoms cause clinic bipolar ally significant distress or impairment in social, occasional or other areas. mood episodes in criteria a & b are not better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder and not superimposed on skitzo , delusional or psychotic disorders. Longitudinal course, specific (with or without Inter episode recovery. - with seasonal pattern - winter/summer disruptive of monetonin system (applies only to major depressive) with rapid cycling. Bi polar 2. Presence (or history) of one or more major depressive episodes. Presence of or history of at least hypomanic episode. there has never been a manic episode or mixed episode (MAJOR DIFFERENCE). Sometimes people become psychotic when suffering from mood disorder. eg. manic - mind races- than becomes delusional. It is hard to diff. someone in manic phase from skies. But of course there are ways. One way is the IQ test Shifley developed in the 40’s. Skitzo’s typically have no deterioration in vocabulary. Know what words mean. Skitzo’s have problem with distract thinking, deduction. Average Skitzo T= 50 Manic can score anywhere here. Abstract reasoning for Skitzo 11/2 SD worse, T score =35. Manic T= 35, for abstract thinking. Difference is skits will do two or three and then stop (“I can’t figure it out.” Manic might get first or second and third and will fill everything but will free associate. eg> Scotlands Landscape Scapegoat. goat = goatee/herd (is the true answer) Depression can work in many ways. There are levels of severity. It can become so severe that it can generate into a psychotic illness. Example: - Female client works in a bank and has raised two teenagers. Client becomes depressed because she can no longer work and take care of her family. Her delusion is that her eldest son has developed cancer because she did not wash his ear out. She does not believe the physicians and feels it is her fault that her son will die. She decides to kill her entire family. When everyone is sleeping, she clubs her husband. Her eldest and youngest son stopped it. Her husband is brain damaged and requires a wheel chair, as a result of the attack. This all started with depression. What causes mood disorders? Beck’s ideas: Negative Triad pessimistic views of self, world and future <>negative schemata or beliefs, triggered by negative life events (eg. the assumption that I have to be perfect).<>Cognitive Biases eg. arbitrary inference<>depression. There is a lot of issues in clinical psychology. A lot of validation comes from outcome when there is a treatment on the hypothesis. Cognitive Therapy - try to get depressed person to cite evidence for negative beliefs. Challenge negative triad. e.g.. Everyone hates me. Therapist - I met your spouse and he seems to feel much for you. If he hated you, why would he do that? Because Cognitive Therapy is most effective, there is a belief - that this is what is underlying some form of depression. It does not work for depression that comes very suddenly for no reason. It may be biological. In Journey Into Darkness ECT helped, when nothing else did. Most people do not have this type of depression biologically induced. What causes change in the brain? Biological level or response to something in the environment. to be continued……depression Learned Helplessness.