Patricia Trbovich, an associate professor at the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, is using this “OR black box” not just to analyze failures, but to study what goes right. Her research shows that outcomes often hinge on small, overlooked details – how a surgical team communicates, where equipment is placed or how an operating room is laid out.
The system captures video and audio from the operating room, patient vital signs and even the heart rates – and heart-rate variability – of clinicians, recorded through wearable devices. Originally developed by Dr. Teodor Grantcharov to improve surgical training and patient safety, the OR black box now allows researchers like Trbovich to examine how subtle factors – from team dynamics to the space around the operating table – influence how an operation unfolds.
More than two million surgeries are performed in Canada each year. Yet national data doesn’t fully capture the challenges in operating rooms. Researchers have noted that surgical patients account for the highest rates of safety incidents among hospitalized patients, but many priorities identified by health-care experts – including outcomes that matter most to patients – are not well captured in existing data.
That’s where black box research can help. By reviewing 195 surgeries across hospitals in Toronto and Palo Alto, California, Trbovich and her colleagues are identifying patterns that traditional reporting systems overlook. She emphasizes: poor surgical outcomes are not necessarily due to failure by clinicians. They are often rooted in system design.
“Our black box data reveals again and again that it’s not a lack of skill,” she says, “but rather a lack of design leading to most of the errors we see. I notice practitioners’ resilience – their ability to make small adjustments when the unexpected happens – much more than practitioner error.”
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