Wisdom as seen by theorists:
Wisdom – cognitive ability, integration of intellect and emotion, spiritual domain.
Erikson - Wisdom is a virtue that results from successful resolution of integrity vs. despair.
Wisdom means accepting the life one has lived without major regrets. Accepting parents as people who did the best they could.
Cognitive researcher – Vivian Clayton
Intelligence - ability to think logically and abstractly.
Wisdom - ability to grasp paradoxes, reconcile contradictions and make and accept compromise.
Whereas intelligence can figure out how to do something, wisdom asks whether it should be done.
John A. Meacham - wisdom more attribution of youth because older people know too much and are too sure of their knowledge. Wise people balance their acquisition of knowledge with recognition of its inherent fallibility. Wise people do not know more than unwise people, they just use their information differently.
Baltes – Wisdom
- Part of pragmatics of intelligence: a cognitive domain that remains stable and may even continue to improve into late adulthood.
- Can be rare
- Wisdom may develop at any period of life; aging would seem to provide fertile soil for its’ growth.
Labouvie- Vief
-integration of two basic modes of knowing Logos (provides experimental richness and fluidity) [objective, analytic, and rational] and Mythos (subjective, experimental and emotional) legal cohesion and stability.
Baltes-
A component of intelligence
(achenbaum and Orwall, 91) intrapersonal wisdom – self examination, knowledge, integrity, and maturity.
Intranspersonal wisdom - capacity to transcend the self and strive for spiritual growth.
Interiority – introspection and concern with the inner life which has been associated with aging.
Kohlberg has a Defining Issues Test (DIT) composed of 12 questions about each of six moral dilemmas.
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