Nature or Nurture or both? In spite of the continuity of Personality, it evolves over time due to external and internal influences. What does heredity provide?
Temperament - an inborn disposition that is constitutionly based ( part of the nervous system) and evident from birth onwards (the automatic nervous system - sympathetic - emotional and parasympathetic - calm).
It is a biologically based emotional style of activity.
A. Kallman's early work in the 1940's revealed that if one identical twin was diagnosed as disturbed, the likelihood that the other co twin was disturbed was very high. This is known as concordance--whereby two individuals share the same trait. For schizophrenia at least, the concordance is higher for mono zygotic than dizygotic twins. The reason advanced for the high concordana among mono zygotic twins is that mono zygotic twins share the same heredity.
Adoptive Studies - Skizophrenia is more common among adopted children whose biological parent was skizophrenic even though the child may never had any real contact with the disturbed parent and was adopted into a normal family. These adopted children show more personality problems such as schizoid thought (cold, aloof, reclusive) disorder. Thus a person's genes predispose that person to vulnerability. The interaction of that predisposition (weak or strong) with environmental stress act to prompt the disorder. Coping style is important too.
Normal Personality Traits - Loehlin et. al (1987) study was revealed that even with normal personality traits, adopted children resembled their biological parents more than their adoptive parents.
to be continued.............
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