Clinical Malnutrition
Micro nutrient Deficiencies
- folic acid (important causes of tubal problems)
-iron (anemia problem in many areas)
- Vitamin A (too much is not good)
- vision
- immune function
- Iodine (our salt comes with it)
Critical substance
Thyroid gland needs it to function or will get hypothyroid
Cretinism
Mental Retardation
Dwarfism
Cerebral Palsy
Deafness
(caused by iodine deficiency)
Birth weight and Gestational Age
3200 grams – less than
.- normal full term birthweight 3200 g
-low birth weight :< 2500 g
(being of low birth weight and being immature are not the same thing. One can be born early but appropriate size for the time)
-appropriate for gestational age (AGA)
-small for gestational age (SGA)
Stunting – height for age
Wasting – weight per height – below 80% from the norm is wasting
Common Measures
- weight for age (Gomez Scale)
How much does four year female weigh?
Compares the weight of individual to height of individual and sex (Gomez Scale). If
lower it is considered malnutrition (very crude).
Waterlow Classes
- height for age (if low – stunting)
-weight for height (if low – wasting)
Head Circumference
Is effected by early non nutrition, as indicator of early nutrition
Does early malnutrition effect the brain?
Brain weight for age
Early malnutrition is cause as cause of death is associated with brain weight.
Reduction in nutrients must be very big to have an impact.
Human Study
Kwasniokor – not very much.
Maramus AGA about 20% (Maramus worse)
Study on rats
Peak – 20 days pnatal
- rats were food deprived for first 14 days or x – permanent reduction in myelin.
Next 14 – no permanent effects.
Thymidine Study – of how many new cells are being formed. There are fewer neurons cells
in malnourished in humans right through their gestation. There might be motor problems as
a result of nutrition.
continue
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