Information is encoded and rehearsed and transferred from Short Term Memory (STM) to Long Term Memory (LTM) and placed in one of several types of memory systems:
sensory memory - the senses momentarily register amazing details.
short term memory - a few items are both noticed and encoded.
long term storage - some items are altered or lost.
encoding failure/retrieval failure/repression.
Retrieval from LTM - depending on interference, retrieval cues, moods and motives, some things get retrieved and some don't.
As an example the French language learned beforehand interferes proactivity. Study French and study Spanish ______>PROACTIVE interference. Spanish learned afterward interferes RETROACTIVITY.
Episodes - people, places, times and declarative memory for general knowledge, facts, social customs, meaning of words - called Semantic memory. Thus, there is episodic memory and semantic memory as part of the declarative memory system.
There is the non-declarative or Procedural memory for habits and skills. In procedural memory one learns how to do something rather than recollect something. Much of the processing for doing takes place through unconscious learning as part of procedural memory. There is:
a. Motor memory - the memory of doing such things as driving a car and talking to someone at the same time.
b. Perceptual memory - the ability to reconstruct in mind the features of something or the frequency or order of occurrence or location of something.
c. Classical conditioning - a type of associative learning and memory of what has been learned largely taking place unconsciously.
Types of LTM
explicit (declarative) with conscious recall implicit (non-declarative) without conscious recall
/ / / /
facts, general knowledge personally experienced skills, motor, dispositions-classical
(semantic theory) events (episodic memory) cognitive and operant
conditioning effects
No comments:
Post a Comment