Valliant: reporting on the development of members of the Grant study begun in the late 1930's. Valliant observed a typical pattern of progression, from dependency on parents to autonomy, to career consolidation, to mid life transition, to generativity, tranquility; more expressive and nurturant. As the participants became older, Valliant noted four kinds of adaptive mechanisms or characteristic ways of coping.
a. Mature - using humour and helping others
b. Neurotic (normal) using repression and reactive formation
c. Immature - fantasy and imagining symptons
d. Psychotic (serious) - distoring or denying reality
to be cont... with Levinson
No comments:
Post a Comment