Behavioral Models: Here the individual has an active role in relation to managing environmental demands. Coping involves learned adaptations. Successful adaptations lead to stress-reduction and the strategies used become part of the behavioral repertoire for coping with stress. If escape, avoidance or active coping with a stressor is not successful, the individual may learn to endure the stressor and adapt through learned helplessness.
c. Coping Style Models:
Fairly stable styles that emphasize thoughts and attitudes as variables in coping - Coping here is a form of problem solving. For example Valliant (1970's) identified four kinds of adaptive mechanisms or characteristic ways of coping - mature, neurotic, immature and psychotic.
Those who used mature mechanisms were healthier and happier. For Lazarus coping is struggle not success, managment not mastery.
Cognitive- Appraisal Model: Coping occurs in situations that a person perceives as taxing and requiring effort. People choose a strategy depending on their cognitive appraisal of the situation. Because the situation is constantly changing, coping is a dynamic process. Choosing the most appropriate strategy requires constant re-apprisal of the situation.
Note two modes of coping
1. Emotion focused is directed toward feeling better - managing emotional responses.
2. Problem focused is directed toward eliminating, managing or improving a stressful condition.
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