Process of Science - Scientific Method (all sciences)

There is a process to science. There is an observation process From that there is a hypothesis which is testable There is a theory - predict new observations Predict new observations; replacing all theories with new theories. Consider: A professor in Economics observes the distribution of motor vehicles at a university There are Chevrolets, Toyotas and Buicks Study: pick an intersection eg. Keele and Finch. This represents Canada Society. There are factories, different types of housing, students etc….. Demographics: Canadian. From 2 to 3pm Tuesday afternoon - exact number of vehicles that pass through, make and year. Four teams observation, Scaffold at each corner; video on top - electrical switch between times. Then take the tapes - Four independent graders for each tape - compile list of make/year. Correlation 1.00 with each group. This would be a scientific study. There is no law of nature of cars passing. eg. a doctor’s appointment. It is a random process (not rush hour). So it must be 1. Methodological 2. Phenomena - obey natural law Structure of Scientific knowledge acting strange - symptoms - Schizophrenic F=m a (m - how much material mass in object - can measure). _a- acceleration - change in speed divide by change in time. eg. 0-100 in 4.5 seconds sports cars - acceleration. Eg. Throw ball - would travel forever except there is a force called gravity - ball up - earth pulls down - need force to start/end or will continue. Basic rule of Neuton. Empirical Approach ___________fire ____________water each will find its’ own sphere. Scale between us and earth - mass not identified - if on the moon weight is less. ^ speed - change ^ distance 60Km ———————————— change , ^ time Therefore, Newton defined motion of force - multiplication F= ma Physics m ^ distance ____________ ^ time _______________ ^time work = F (force) x D (distance) w __ = P (Power) T (time) Science is not only empirical. It obeys the natural law but also 3. Reductionistic Language - measurement qualities of physical world. No explanation in Piaget’s scheme. Biology /Ecosystem >various organisms chemistry / organ systems > cells physics / macromolecules > molecules /atoms > sub atomic particles Some state that psychologists cannot predict behavior, therefore, not science. Physicists cannot predict either if variables increase - KeV theory. Meteorologist wrong because zillions of interacting particles - too many things in the system. Behavior originates in the brain. eg. How drove to school. Behavior expressed as expressed information. Major behavior, not swimming, dancing - driving expressed information. Take clothes off at home. } Don’t take clothes off at home.} the expression of specific information. Therefore, easy to connect to biology. 4. Consistency Between Adjacent Levels of Science (required for science) eg- dietitian 5lbs + 25lbs + 3 a day. 15 lbs on 3rd day. - Not possible, can be no inconsistencies. This has to do with behavior in general. Start thinking what is the neurological disorder. Next Paradigms and Psychology as related to abnormal behavior and classifiction