Neurological basis to Schizophrenia (Abnormal Psychology notes)

Hi, I tried to demonstate receptors below and think I failed miserable to chart it out with my computer. Hope this makes sense to you. Schizophrenics came down with the disease (ages 18 or 19 in males; females 20-23 onset of Schizophrenia). Are not as good at abstract reasoning, linguistic expression, motivational differences. Also true to lesser extent for family members) - tend to come to lower classes. Brain of Schizophrenia: Dopamine - neurotransmitter acts in inhibitor fashion - 2, 1 is substantial tact - involved in motor behavior. 2. the tract ventro - mid brain and below - limbic system part of motivation systems and frontal lobes to abstract reasoning. 1940’s drug called chlorpromazine physicians prescribed. Symptoms started to go away. What it does is block receptors or dopamine. Maybe dopamine receptors are responsible for psychotic symptoms. For dopamine - 5 receptors. These receptors don’t have same distribution in the brain. Some receptors in some places and others in other. Know these receptors neurotransmitters composed of proteins - end product of genetic expression. DNA produces RNA produces specific proteins - distribution of different receptors looked at different segments of RNA in brain to see if it produced 1st, 2, or third type of receptors. There are different dopamine receptors found in different types of the brain. Hippocampus, cortex, amygdala (fear and possible other emotions and links reward of stimulus with stimulus. So if access of DM1 receptors - will have these types of deficits functional. Some changes of smell. Thalamus - different areas; different functions. Try to hit D2 and D4 for Psychotic system without inducing all side effects that used to experience. Primary neurotransmitter is excitatory inhibitory eg. gaba - each have all receptors - Dopamine and serotonin control higher control for little local areas. Any neurotransmitters in brain is different in Schizophrenics etc. Dopamine is inhibitory transmitter - work by hooking up but not activating. Note Diagram: ________________________________________________________________ auditory hallucination 10 cycles per second firing release more than receptor sites pre synaptic 0 |________ |} 0 |________ |} 10 etc… 0 |________ |}3 0 |________ 0 |________ 0 |________ 0 |________ 0 |________ In Schizophrenic too many (above) 10 per second. Drugs bock; might block 2 or 4 or 6 (eg.) Worse of symptoms taken away; does not mean functioning properly - not going 20 but may be going 12 or 14 etc.. eg. start off with car > airplane, break down of information because too many. EEG in Schizophrenic too many receptors 6: what goes on in the brain falls. Ratio signal to noise. Large signal small noise. all have noise going on, even prior fire at specific rate resting maybe at 5. At rest this is not necessarily blank. Perhaps in a few neurones things are going on that may be noise. What happens because so much activity is going on in the brain? Lots of things on mind so something comes out at random. Schizophrenics - all things they control will be attenuated (moved down). eg. radio before rock band plays - rock band louder than radio when rock band stops, radio message takes over so the Schizophrenic person thinks that is what happens. In normal person not aware of random noises. The band noise is lower. Understand how different systems work and how operate. All amino acids, all different, dopamine and norepunefine etc..All different in the Schizophrenic - miss the point. All systems are messed up. Important to understand biology and how it effects. What are the areas in the brain affected? Basic process that occurs in different parts of the brain and different receptors to different types of schizophrenics. Next topic for abnormal psychology will be substance abuse.