a. Spearman (1920's - 1930's) noted the correlations of performance by the same individual across a number of tests of intelligence, were quite high...meaning, that one brought to bear on a number of tests the same general mental ability. One's performance on one test was correlated with how one did on other tests. This indicated to Spearman that there is a general mental ability all tests of intelligence seem to be tapping. This general mental ability is called "G." Example: a person who scores high on reading tests also scores high on vocabulary tests. Reading and vocabulary tests seem to require the same general mental abilities or "G." Thus there is a general factor being measured by all tests and specific factors or "S" being measured by various kinds of tests (see Gleitman).
....to be continued with b. Thurstone (1930's - 1940's)
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